DOI: 10.2337/diaclin.26.1.15 © 2008 by the American Diabetes Association
Organized Care for Depression Improves Outcomes and Reduces Costs
Simon GE, Katon WJ, Lin EH, Rutter C, Manning WG, Von Korff M, Ciechanowski P, Ludman EJ, Young BA: Cost-effectiveness of systematic depression treatment among people with diabetes mellitus. Arch Gen Psychiatry 64:65 -72, 2007
Design. A randomized controlled trial and economic analysis. Subjects. Three hundred twenty-nine patients with diabetes and a current depressive disorder. Methods. Researchers identified from computer records 9,063 patients with diabetes from nine primary care clinics affiliated with Group Health Cooperative and mailed them a survey that included the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), a well-validated depression screening instrument. Those scoring 10 or more on the PHQ-9 on two separate occasions and who were found to have moderate or greater symptoms with the Hopkins Symptom Check List (SCL) were invited to an in-person baseline visit. Three hundred twenty-nine patients attended and were randomized to a nurse-delivered multi-component depression management program or usual care.
The program used a stepped-care approach with incorporation of patient
preferences for treatment (antidepressant medication, structured
psychotherapy, or both). Follow-up was delivered with a combination of
in-person and phone-based visits. Outcomes were measured by blinded
telephone-based assessments at
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